The genus Neisseria belongs to the family Neisseriaceae. It contains 25 species. About 12 species and biovars of these can be isolated from humans. They can be naturally isolated from the mucous membranes of the respiratory and urogenital tracts. N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae require iron for growth. They have to compete with their human […]
Everyone as dandruff – at least some dandruff – and that includes bald people. That’s because every human scalp sheds dead cells, which “flake” off as new ones are pushed up from deeper skin layers. When “flake” off as new ones are pushed up from deeper skin layers. When these flakes become obvious on your
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A skin flap is a healthy skin that is partly disconnected and moved to cover a nearby wound. The skin flap has skin, fat and muscle. Usually, a skin flap is still attached to the skin and underlying blood vessel. A skin flap can also include muscle and cartilage. Skin flaps can be unpleasant and
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Dry mouth or xerostomia is caused by a change in the composition of the saliva or there is reduced flow of saliva. Saliva prevents decay of the teeth by neutralizing acids produced by bacteria, minimizes the growth of bacteria and eliminates food particles. Enzymes found in saliva helps with the digestion process. It also improves
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Introduction There are many cases in which you hit your toe on an object or dropped something heavy on it, resulting in a broken toe. In fact, a broken toe is a common injury. This is an injury that usually takes four to six week to heal, but if it is severe, it can take
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Overview Most seizures that people have are not lift threatening, and they are easily managed. In most cases, the person suffers from epilepsy or other medical conditions that are causing these seizures to happen. The only time that someone should be concerned is if this seizure follows an injury to the head, if the person
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Overview Bleeding, no matter how severe this may be, must always be controlled. If a person who is bleeding is not helped, then this could lead to shock or death due to blood loss. It may be up to you to stop the bleeding while waiting for an ambulance to arrive. You should never get
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Overview When a person receives an injury to the head, this can cause brain damage, skull damage, as well as damage to their scalp. Inside the skull, protected by meninges, which is soft tissue, rests the brain. Thus, any head injury is cause for concern. Skull Fractures In most cases, a head injury occurs when
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Introduction In most cases, a broken or bruised rib is going to occur when the person falls or experiences a hit to the chest. There are times in which this can be caused by coughing that is severe. These are painful, but the person usually feels better within three to six weeks. Most of the
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Introduction When a person has neck pain or what they refer to as a stiff neck, usually this is nothing that they should be worrying about. After a few days, the pain or stiffness usually gets better. This problem can arise if you were to sleep in an awkward position, sit at your computer for
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